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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	gyro sextant	陀螺六分仪	See SEXTANT.	装有陀螺仪的六分仪，以指示水平。
	hachures	晕滃线，影线	Short lines drawn on a CHART or MAP for representing RELIEF. These lines are drawn in the direction of the SLOPE and intensified on the shad... more Short lines drawn on a CHART or MAP for representing RELIEF. These lines are drawn in the direction of the SLOPE and intensified on the shaded side of the feature assuming the area is illuminated from the north-west. Unlike the CONTOUR LINES, they give no indication of the actual HEIGHT of LAND above SEA LEVEL. See also HILL SHADING.	在海图上或者地图上表示地形起伏的短线。假设光线由西北方向照射某一区域，这些线按照倾斜方向绘制�... more 在海图上或者地图上表示地形起伏的短线。假设光线由西北方向照射某一区域，这些线按照倾斜方向绘制，并且在地物阴面加粗。不同于等高线，它不表示陆地在海平面以上的实际高度。亦可参见hill shading（山形晕渲法）。
	hack watch	航行表，简易天文表	See WATCH.	用于定时观测天体校准船钟等的表。
	hail	冰雹	PRECIPITATION of small balls or pieces of ICE (HAILSTONES) with a diameter ranging from 5 to 50 mm (0.2 to 2.0 in) or sometimes more, fallin... more PRECIPITATION of small balls or pieces of ICE (HAILSTONES) with a diameter ranging from 5 to 50 mm (0.2 to 2.0 in) or sometimes more, falling either separately or agglomerated into irregular lumps.	直径为5-50毫米（0.2-2.0英寸）或者更大的小冰球或冰块，独立或聚结成不规则的块降落。
	hailstone	雹块	Globule or piece of ICE, with a diameter varying between 5 and 50 mm or even more, the fall of which constitutes HAIL. Hailstones consist al... more Globule or piece of ICE, with a diameter varying between 5 and 50 mm or even more, the fall of which constitutes HAIL. Hailstones consist almost entirely of transparent ICE, or of a series of LAYERS of transparent ICE with a thickness of at least 1 mm, alternating with translucent LAYERS.	直径在5至50毫米或者更大的冰球或者冰块形成冰雹落下。雹块几乎完全由透明的冰组成，或是多层厚度至�... more 直径在5至50毫米或者更大的冰球或者冰块形成冰雹落下。雹块几乎完全由透明的冰组成，或是多层厚度至少1毫米的透明冰，交替叠加组成半透明的层。
	halation	晕影，光晕	In PHOTOGRAPHY, a spreading of a photographic IMAGE beyond its proper boundaries, due especially to REFLECTION from the side of the film o... more In PHOTOGRAPHY, a spreading of a photographic IMAGE beyond its proper boundaries, due especially to REFLECTION from the side of the film or plate support opposite to that on which the EMULSION is coated. Particularly noticeable in PHOTOGRAPHS of bright objects against a darker background.	在摄影中，主要由于胶片或者涂布乳胶的底片基片的边缘的反射光形成的超出正常范围的影像。明亮的物�... more 在摄影中，主要由于胶片或者涂布乳胶的底片基片的边缘的反射光形成的超出正常范围的影像。明亮的物体在暗背景的衬托下，其像片上的晕影格外明显。
	half byte	半字节	4 bits of a 8 BIT BYTE; usually used to encode the figures 0....9.	8位比特字节中的4位；通常用于0至9数字的编码。
	half convergency	大圆方位修正量，半收敛角、大圆改正量	See ARC TO CHORD CORRECTION.	参见arc to chord correction（大圆改正）。
	half tide	半潮	See TIDE.	当海面到达某给定高潮和其后或之前低潮之间的居中潮位时的潮况或者潮时。
	half tide level	半潮面、半潮水位、平均潮面	The LEVEL midway between MEAN HIGH WATER and MEAN LOW WATER. It may differ slightly from MEAN SEA LEVEL. Also called mean tide level.	位于平均高潮面和平均低潮面之间的中间水平面。它略不同于平均海平面。也称为mean tide level。
	halftone	网目版，网线摄影	In PHOTOGRAPHY or printing, a technique in which the solid IMAGE is broken up by the use of a screen into evenly spaced dots of equal densit... more In PHOTOGRAPHY or printing, a technique in which the solid IMAGE is broken up by the use of a screen into evenly spaced dots of equal density but of varying size. This gives an illusion of continuous tone.	在摄影学或者印刷中，通过挂网可使连续的图像分割成大小不一、密度相等的点状普染图像的一种技术。�... more 在摄影学或者印刷中，通过挂网可使连续的图像分割成大小不一、密度相等的点状普染图像的一种技术。这可以产生连续色调的错觉。
	halo (solar, lunar)	晕，晕图	Group of optical PHENOMENA, in the form of rings, arcs, pillars or bright spots, produced by the REFRACTION or REFLECTION of light by ice cr... more Group of optical PHENOMENA, in the form of rings, arcs, pillars or bright spots, produced by the REFRACTION or REFLECTION of light by ice crystals suspended in the ATMOSPHERE (cirriform CLOUDS, ICE FOG, etc.).	呈环状、弧形、柱状和亮点的一组光学现象，由悬浮于大气层中的冰晶（卷状云、冰雾等）折射或者反射�... more 呈环状、弧形、柱状和亮点的一组光学现象，由悬浮于大气层中的冰晶（卷状云、冰雾等）折射或者反射光线产生。
	halo: large (halo of 46°)	NULL	HALO much less frequent and always less luminous than the SMALL HALO. It comprises a faintly luminous ring centered on the SUN or MOON and h... more HALO much less frequent and always less luminous than the SMALL HALO. It comprises a faintly luminous ring centered on the SUN or MOON and has an apparent radius of 46°.	NULL
	halo: small (halo of 22°)	NULL	White, or mostly white, luminous ring of 22° radius with the luminary at its centre. The small halo shows a faint red fringe on the inside ... more White, or mostly white, luminous ring of 22° radius with the luminary at its centre. The small halo shows a faint red fringe on the inside and, in some rare cases, a violet fringe on the outside. The portion of the sky inside the ring is conspicuously darker than the rest of the sky.	NULL
	halocline	（海洋的）盐（度）跃层	A vertical GRADIENT of salinity (which is usually positive) in some LAYER of the body of water, which is appreciably greater than the GRADIE... more A vertical GRADIENT of salinity (which is usually positive) in some LAYER of the body of water, which is appreciably greater than the GRADIENTS above and below it.	水体中某一层的盐度垂直梯度（通常是正的）明显地大于上面一层或者下面一层的盐度梯度。
	hand lead	手锤，水砣、铅锤	See LEAD.	轻型测深锤（重量约3-5千克，），通常绳长不超过40-50米。
	hand lead sounding	手锤测深	See SOUNDING.	使用手持测深锤测深，一般在缓慢行进的船舶上进行。
	hanging compass	悬挂式罗经	See COMPASS.	底座在上而刻度盘在下的罗经。亦可参见overhead compass（吊挂罗经）或者inverted compass（倒置罗经）。
	hanging traverse	未闭合导线，支导线，开导线、悬挂导线	See TRAVERSE: OPEN.	参见open traverse（开导线）。
	harbour (or harbor)	港口	A natural or artificially improved body of water providing protection for vessels, and generally ANCHORAGE and docking facilities. See als... more A natural or artificially improved body of water providing protection for vessels, and generally ANCHORAGE and docking facilities. See also PORT.	为船舶提供防护、主要锚地和泊船设施的自然或人工疏浚水域。亦可参见port（港口）。
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