Chinese English

A condition of RADIANT ENERGY in which the VIBRATIONS take place in a regular manner, as in a straight line, circle or ellipse, in a plane perpen­dicular to the path of travel.

无线电指向标在一定的发射条件下，由于电场分量被水平极化引起的无线电定向或无线电指向标波束的误差。有两个术语现已不用，即夜间误差或夜间效应。

Either of the two points of intersection of the surface of a sphere or SPHEROID and its AXIS. The origin of a system of POLAR COORDINATES. Either of the two MAGNETIC POLES of a MAGNET. A long slender rod, as of timber or metal. Such a rod used for SOUNDING is called SOUNDING POLE.

星球或球体表面与其轴的两个交点之一。 极坐标的原点。 磁体的两个磁极之一。 木制或铁制长条棒。这种用于测深的长条棒叫做测深杆。

Either of the two points of intersection of the CELESTIAL SPHERE and the extended AXIS of the EARTH, labelled N or S to indicate either the north celestial pole or the south celestial pole.

Either of the two points of intersection of the surface of the EARTH with its AXIS, labelled N or S to indicate either the north geographical pole or the south geographical pole.

地球表面磁倾角为90°的两点中的任一点；指定北半球的为北磁极，南半球的为南磁极。磁极并不固定，且不与地极一致。 磁铁磁力最大的两点中的任一点。

The direct or indirect alteration of the physical, chemical, thermal, biological or radioactive properti­es of any part of the environment in such a way as to create a hazard or potential hazard to the health, safety or welfare of any living species.

环境的任何部分在物理、化学、温度、生物或放射性质方面发生的直接或间接变化，从而对所有生物健康、安全或繁荣构成危害或潜在危害，这一情况称为污染。

一种投影，其中央经线表示为一条直线，在其上的地理纬线，其间距与各纬圈的间距成正比，各纬线为一系列圆弧，并不同心，但其中心处于由中央经线表示的直线上，并且其半径由相切于纬圈的圆锥元素的长度来确定。除中央经线外，其他经线都是曲线。该投影既不是正形投影，也不是等积投影，但由于它便于绘制，在小区域制图中广为应用。

A water area enclosed in ICE, generally fast; this water area remains constant and usually has an oblong shape; sometimes limited to one side by the COAST. Any enclosed sea water area in PACK ICE other than a LEAD, not large enough to be called OPEN WATER. If a polynia is found in the same region every year, for example, off the MOUTHS of big RIVERS, it is called a recurring polynia. A temporary small clearing in PACK ICE which consists of small ICE FLOES and BRASH ICE in continuous local movement is called an unstable poly­nia; an opening which is flanked by large FLOES and therefore appears to be relatively stable is called a stable polynia. When frozen over, a polynia becomes an ice skylight from the point of view of the submariner.

由坚固的冰所包围的一片水域；该水域保持稳定，通常为椭圆形；有时一边被限制在海岸。 流冰群包围形成的封闭海域，而非冰间航道，该水域面积较小，不足以称为开阔水面。如果一个冰间湖每年都出现在同一地点，如大河的河口，即成为复现冰湖。 流冰群中暂时的小块空地，由不断移动的小浮冰和碎冰群组成，被称为不稳定冰穴；由大块浮冰包围的相对稳定的一块空地，被称为稳定冰穴。在全部冻结后，从潜艇上看，冰穴就成了冰天窗。

A small body of still water of artificial forma­tion, its BED being either hollowed out of the SOIL or formed by embanking and damming up a natural HOLLOW.

A small body of still or standing water, perma­nent or temporary; chiefly one of natural formation. A deep or still place in a RIVER or STREAM. In ice terminology, any enclosed relatively small area in PACK ICE, drift ICE, other than a LEAD. See POLYNIA.

暂时的或永久的小面积静水或死水水体；主要指自然形成。 在江河或溪流的深处或静处。 在有关冰的术语中，指被流冰群所包围着的较小封闭水区，而非冰间航道。参见polynia（冰穴）。