Chinese English

A relatively large area of free navigable water in an ice-encumbered SEA. In U.S. terminology, an area of SEA with less than one-tenth ICE CONCENTRATION.

A recording device designed to measure by revolutions of a small wheel, continuous linear di­stances on a MAP. Used in measuring the length of SHORELINE by closely following all the INDENTATIONS and sinuosities of the SHORE.

通过小轮的旋转来量测海图上连续线性距离的记录仪。将小轮紧沿海岸线的所有弯入部分和弯曲来量测海岸线长度。

The situation of two periodic quantities differing by half a CYCLE. In ASTRONOMY, the situation of two CELESTIAL BODIES having either CELESTIAL LONGITUDES or sidereal HOUR ANGLES differing by 180°. The term is usually used only in relation to the position of a SUPERIOR PLANET or the MOON with reference to the SUN.

两周期量相差半周时的态势。 在天文学中，指两天体的黄经或恒星对角相差1800的情况。该术语通常仅用于描述地外行星或月亮相对于太阳的位置。

The point of intersection of lines which represent within the LENS those RAYS whose emer­gent directions are parallel to their respective inci­dent directions. This point lies on the optical axis.

A surface, usually of glass, ground and polished plane within a fraction of a WAVE LENGTH of light. An optical element or glass blank with an opti­cal flat is used to test the flatness of other surfa­ces.

经打磨和抛光的平面，通常为玻璃的表面，其误差不超过光波长的十分之一。带有这种光学平面的光学元件或玻璃毛坯可用于测量其它表面的平面度。

使用亚稳态氦或（强）碱金属吸收光电元件的高灵敏度磁力仪，当频谱振荡器调至其谐振频率时，原子从红外光束吸收最大能量。此谐振频率与地球磁场强度成正比。

A bottom sediment sampling device capable of obtaining as much as 1/2 cubic foot of sample from the ocean floor. Named for its likeness to an orange that has its peel quartered.

The path of a body or particle under the influ­ence of a gravitational or other force. For instance, the orbit of a CELESTIAL BODY is its path relative to another body around which it revol­ves. In water waves, the path of a water particle affected by the wave motion.

物体或质点在引力或其它力作用下的运动路径。如天体轨道为其绕转另一天体的轨迹。 在水波中，指水质点在波动影响下的运动路径。

Member States promote economic growth, employ­ment, and improved standards of living for a sound and harmonious development of world economy.

The act of establishing the correct rela­tionship in direction with reference to the POINTS of the COMPASS. The state of being in correct relati­onship in direction with reference to the POINTS of the COMPASS. A MAP is in orientation when the map SYMBOLS are parallel with their corresponding ground features. A PHOTO­GRAPH is in orientation when it correctly pre­sents the perspective view of the ground or when IMAGES on the PHOTOGRAPH appear in the same direction from the point of observation as do the corresponding map sym­bols. See ORIENTATION OF PLANE TABLE, ORIENTATION OF SURVEYING INSTRUMENT, ORIENTATION: PHOTOGRAM­METRIC.

1.参照罗经点确定正确方向关系的行为，或处于此方向关系的状态。当地图符号与相应地物平行时，地图即完成定向。当像片能够正确显示地面的相应视图或像片上的图像如同相应的地图符号那样与在观测点上看到的方向相一致时，像片即完成了定向，参见orientation of plane table（平板仪定向），orientation of surveying instrument（测量仪器定向）， photogrammetric orientation（摄影测量定向）。 2. 在ECDIS中，指显示ECDIS信息的模式。典型模式有：“真北向上”-在航海图上，真北在显示信息的上方；“船首向上”-根据实际艏向显示（如船电罗经）；“航向向上”-根据行进的航向或航线显示。

In PHOTOGRAMMETRY, the scaling, levelling, and ORIENTATION to GROUND CONTROL (in a photo­grammetric instrument) of a relatively oriented stereo­scopic model or group of models.

在摄影测量学中，确定立体模型或模型组的比例、置平，并根据地面控制点（在摄影测量仪器内）进行定向的过程。