Chinese English

The ORIGIN of a system in the rectan­gular system of SURVEYS of which a PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN and a BASE LINE constitute the axes for a given area. Also called fundamental point.

直角坐标系的原点。在给定区域中，首子午线和基线都通过该点，构成直角坐标系的坐标轴。也称为fundamental point。

An ICE SHEET of considerable thick­ness and more than about 50,000 sq. km in area, re­sting on ROCK. Inland ice sheets near SEA LEVEL may merge into ICE SHELVES.

The digital satellite communications system for store-and-forward text or data messaging using mobile terminals with omni-directional antennas. Inmarsat-C is the only system (2011) that allows ships to meet the majority of the satellite communication requirements of the GMDSS including distress alerting, reception of MARITIME SAFETY INFORMATION and general communications.

与外港相比，港口离海更远的部分。这种表达通常只用于被狭窄航道或人工建筑物明显分割成两部分的港口，内港通常有附加的防护设施，且常是主要停泊区域。

Navigation through certain sea areas of a coastal State without being prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of that State. See also TRANSIT PASSAGE.

Leading mark based on the interference effect of 3 separately placed rasterboards. An arrow pointing in the direction of the line is displayed when not sailing along the leading line.

以3块独立安置的光栅板之间的干涉效应为基础的导航标。当船舶未沿叠标导航线航行时，即显示出一个箭头指引航线方向。

What is put in, as electric current or other power put into a machine. DATA to be transferred from an external storage medi­um, such as punched cards, into the internal STORAGE of a COMPUTER.

In CARTOGRAPHY: a) a small area outside the NEAT LINES of a MAP or CHART included within the NEAT LINES or borders to avoid publishing a separate gra­phic of the small area alone; b) a representation of a small area on a larger SCALE (e.g., town-plan inset), or of a large area at a smaller SCALE (e.g., orientati­on inset); c) any information, not normally appearing within the geogra­phic limits of a MAP, which has been enclosed by border lines and included within the map neat lines. Insets are always placed in areas where important features will not be obs­cured.

在制图学中，针对以下情况采取的一种表示方法：a）超出地图、海图内图廓线或边界线以外的一个小区域，为了避免另外再出版一幅单独的小区域图；b）需另用较大比例尺表示某一小区域（如城市规划插图）时，或用小比例尺表示某一大范围（例如定位插图）时；c）对于任何信息，当没有正常地出现在地图地理界限之内，但地图的边界线又把它围住，且在图廓线之内时。附图经常安置在不遮盖重要要素表示的区域。

A ROUTEING measure comprising a designated area between the landward boundary of a TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEME and the adjacent COAST, to be used in accordance with the provisions of rule 10(d), as amended, of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea , 1972 (Collision Regulations).

一种航线措施，指分道通航制区域向岸一侧界限和临近海岸线之间的区域，根据1972年国际海上避碰规则（避碰规则）公约修正案第10条d款的规定使用。

Property of the state of rest or continu­ous movement of a system such that any disturbance intro­duced into this state grows. In METEOROLOGY, the term is often used as a synonym of STATIC INSTABILI­TY.

当某一系统处于静止或连续运动状态时，任何传入这个系统的扰动都会使其状态发生变化。在气象学中作为static instability（静力不稳定性）的同义词。

State of hydrostatic equilibrium of the ATMOSPHERE in which a particle of air moved from its initial level undergoes a hydrostatic force which tends to remove it further from this level. Also called hydrostatic instability.

大气层处于流体静力平衡状态时，空气中的质点如果承受了一个使它移动的流体静压力，就会由它的起始高度移动到另一个高度，亦称hydrostatic instability。

Man-made structure usually built for the exploration or exploitation of marine resour­ces, marine scientific research, tide observations, etc.