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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	Beaufort wind scale	蒲福风级	A numerical scale for indicating wind speed, devised by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort in 1805. Beaufort numbers (or forces) range from force ... more A numerical scale for indicating wind speed, devised by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort in 1805. Beaufort numbers (or forces) range from force 0 (calm) to force 12 (hurricane).	一种表示风速的数字式标度。海军上将弗朗西斯•蒲福（Francis Beaufort）于1805年发明。蒲福风级的范围从0�... more 一种表示风速的数字式标度。海军上将弗朗西斯•蒲福（Francis Beaufort）于1805年发明。蒲福风级的范围从0级（无风）到12级（飓风）。
	bed	河床，海底	The GROUND upon which a body of water rests.	支撑水体的地面。
	bedrock	基岩	Any solid ROCK underlying SOIL or unconsolidated SEDIMENTS.	位于底层土壤或松散沉积物下的坚固岩石。
	bel	贝尔	A dimensionless unit for expressing the ratio of two values of power, the number of bels being the logarithm to the base 10 of the power rat... more A dimensionless unit for expressing the ratio of two values of power, the number of bels being the logarithm to the base 10 of the power ratio. In practice decibel is commonly used, the number of decibels being 10 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the power ratio.	表示两个功率值之比的计量单位，贝尔数是功率比的以10为底的对数。在实际应用中，通常以分贝为单位。... more 表示两个功率值之比的计量单位，贝尔数是功率比的以10为底的对数。在实际应用中，通常以分贝为单位。分贝数等于两功率比的常用对数的10倍，即等于贝尔数的10倍。
	bell buoy	打钟浮标	See BUOY: SOUND.	参见sound buoy（音响浮标）。
	belt	冰带	In ice terminology, a long area of PACK ICE from a few kilometres to more than 100 kilometres in width.	在冰的术语中，指宽度从几公里到百余公里的冰块区域。
	bench	台地，阶地	See TERRACE.	参见terrace（台地，阶地）。
	bench mark (benchmarks)	水准点标志	A permanent, stable object containing a marked point of known ELEVATION with respect to a DATUM used as a REFERENCE LEVEL for TIDAL OBSERVAT... more A permanent, stable object containing a marked point of known ELEVATION with respect to a DATUM used as a REFERENCE LEVEL for TIDAL OBSERVATIONS or as a control point for LEVELLING.	一种包括已知高程标志点的永久性稳固标志，该高程点可用作潮汐观测的基准点或水准测量的控制点。
	beneaped (or neaped)	搁浅的	Said of a vessel left aground following a spring high tide.	船只在大潮高潮后搁浅。
	benthic division	海底区	In the classification of the marine ENVIRONMENT and its inhabitants, a primary division of the SEA which includes all of the ocean floor. Th... more In the classification of the marine ENVIRONMENT and its inhabitants, a primary division of the SEA which includes all of the ocean floor. The other primary division of the SEA is the PELAGIC DIVISION.	在海洋环境及其生物分类中，海洋的主要部分之一，包括所有海底。海洋另一个主要部分是大洋区。
	benthos	海底生物，底栖生物	The category of marine organisms that live on, in, or close to the BOTTOM of the OCEANS.	在海底及其附近生活的海洋生物种类。
	berg	冰山	Short for ICEBERG.	iceberg（冰山）的简写。
	bergy bit	小冰山，大冰块	A massive piece of SEA ICE or disrupted HUMMOCKED ICE; also medium-sized piece of floating GLACIER ICE. Generally less than 5 m above SEA LE... more A massive piece of SEA ICE or disrupted HUMMOCKED ICE; also medium-sized piece of floating GLACIER ICE. Generally less than 5 m above SEA LEVEL, and not more than about 10 m across.	指大块海冰或断裂的冰丘冰，也指中等大小的浮动冰川冰。这种冰一般高出水面不足5米，宽度约在10米以�... more 指大块海冰或断裂的冰丘冰，也指中等大小的浮动冰川冰。这种冰一般高出水面不足5米，宽度约在10米以内。
	berm	护道；堆积岸堤	A narrow, raised path or EMBANKMENT along a STREAM, CANAL, or BEACH. On a BEACH it may be formed by the deposit of material by WAVES and mar... more A narrow, raised path or EMBANKMENT along a STREAM, CANAL, or BEACH. On a BEACH it may be formed by the deposit of material by WAVES and marks the limit of HIGH TIDES.	指沿河流、运河或海滩的高出地面的狭窄小径或堤。在海滩上这种小堤可能是由海浪冲积形成的，它是高�... more 指沿河流、运河或海滩的高出地面的狭窄小径或堤。在海滩上这种小堤可能是由海浪冲积形成的，它是高潮线的标志。
	berm line	植物边缘线	In CARTOGRAPHY, the outer edge of vegetation shown as SHORELINE on CHARTS in marsh or mangrove areas.	在海图制图中，沼泽、红树林区的植被外边缘线，在海图上用海岸线表示。
	berth	泊位	A place, generally named or numbered, where a vessel may MOOR or anchor.	在码头停泊船舶的地方。
	beset	（船）被冰封住的	(adj.). Of a ship when surrounded so closely by SEA ICE that steering control is lost. The term does not imply pressure. See also ICEBOUND, ... more (adj.). Of a ship when surrounded so closely by SEA ICE that steering control is lost. The term does not imply pressure. See also ICEBOUND, NIPPED.	指船舶被海冰紧紧包围而失去控制的情况。本术语不含挤压的意思。亦可参见icebound（冰封的）或nipped（被... more 指船舶被海冰紧紧包围而失去控制的情况。本术语不含挤压的意思。亦可参见icebound（冰封的）或nipped（被冰夹住的，冰封的）。
	Bessel's spheroid	贝塞尔椭球体	See REFERENCE SPHEROID.	一种尺寸最接近大地水准面的理论椭球体，其精确的几何参数需综合考虑地球表面的各部分确定。各国在�... more 一种尺寸最接近大地水准面的理论椭球体，其精确的几何参数需综合考虑地球表面的各部分确定。各国在大地测量工作中采用的椭球体包括：贝塞尔（Bessel）、克拉克(Clarke)、德朗布尔(Delambre)、埃弗勒斯(Everest)、海福德(Hayford)、赫尔默特（Helmert）或其它椭球体。亦称spheroid of reference，ellipsoid of reference（参考椭球）。
	between-the-lens shutter	中心快门，镜间快门	See SHUTTER.	通常由金属薄片组成的位于相机透镜之间的快门，可通过金属片的开关和旋转控制曝光。
	bias	偏离；偏差	The distortion of a result through negligence of a factor usually introducing a systematic error of unchanging magnitude and sign throughout... more The distortion of a result through negligence of a factor usually introducing a systematic error of unchanging magnitude and sign throughout a given series of observations.	由于某一个因素疏忽导致结果失真，常会引入贯穿观测值系列的，大小、符号不变的系统误差。
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