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Term | 术语 | Definition | 定义 |
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erecting eyepiece | 正像目镜
| See EYEPIECE. | 一种包含辅助的由一个或者两个透镜组成的二次成像系统的目镜，在主像到达目镜前二次成像系统将其倒... more |
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erg | 尔格
| The unit of energy or work in the CGS SYSTEM. | 在厘米-克-秒制系统中功或者能量的单位。 |
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erosion | 侵蚀
| The general process of the wearing away of ROCKS and SOIL at the EARTH's surface by natural agencies. | 在自然界外力作用下地球表面的岩石和土壤逐步磨损的过程。 |
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error | 误差
| Difference between a measured value and the correct or true value. Errors can be categorised as systematic or random errors. | 某一量观测值或者计算值与其真值的差。 |
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error: absolute | 绝对误差
| Absolute deviation (the value taken without regard to sign) from the corresponding true value. | 相对于真值的绝对偏差（无需表示正负）。 |
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error: accidental | 偶然误差
| Noise within a measurement caused by factors which vary between measurements and cannot be controlled but can be quantified by statistical m... more | 一种遵循随机定律的误差。也叫随机误差（random error ）。 |
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error: clamping | 夹紧误差
| A SYSTEMATIC ERROR in OBSERVATIONS made with a REPEATING THEODOLITE caused by strains set up by the clamping devices of the instrument. | 使用复测经纬仪观测中，用仪器的固定装置固定时所产生的系统误差。 |
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error: closing | 闭合差
| See ERROR OF CLOSURE. | 参见error of closure（闭合差）。 |
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error: constant | 常差；固定误差
| A SYSTEMATIC ERROR which is the same in both magnitude and sign through a given series of OBSERVATIONS. | 一系列给定观测中的大小和符号均相同的系统误差。 |
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error: external | 外部误差
| See ERROR: THEORETICAL. | 参见theoretical error（理论误差）。 |
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error: Gaussin | 高斯误差，磁罗经自差
| DEVIATION of a MAGNETIC COMPASS due to TRANSIENT MAGNETISM which remains in a vessel's structure for short periods after the inducing force ... more | 在感应力消失后的一个短暂时间内，船体结构内仍然存在的非永久磁性，磁罗经由于这种非永久性磁性引... more |
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error: gross | 粗差
| The result of carelessness or a mistake; may be detected through repetition of the measurement. Also called blunder. | 由于粗心或者错误导致的结果；可通过重复测量检测。也称为blunder（粗差，误差）。 |
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error: heeling | （罗经）倾斜自差
| The change in the DEVIATION of a MAGNETIC COMPASS when a craft heels, due to the change in the position of the magnetic influences of the cr... more | 磁罗经在船只倾斜时所出现的自差变化。这种变化是由于船只的磁效应相对地磁场及罗经的位置改变所引... more |
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error: index | 指标差
| The INSTRUMENTAL ERROR which is constant and attributable to displacement of a VERNIER or some analogous effect. | 由于游标移位或某种类似的影响而使仪器产生的固定误差。 |
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error: instrumental (or instrument) | NULL | A SYSTEMATIC ERROR resulting from imperfections in, or faulty ADJUSTMENT of, instruments or devices used. | NULL |
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error: irregular | 偶然误差
| See ERROR: ACCIDENTAL. | 参见accidental error（偶然误差）。 |
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error: mean square | NULL | The quantity whose square is equal to the sum of the squares of the individual ERRORS divided by the number of those ERRORS. | NULL |
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error: parallactic | 视差误差
| An ERROR caused by personal or instrumental PARALLAX. | 由人为或仪器视差引起的误差。 |
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error: periodic | 周期误差
| An ERROR whose AMPLITUDE and direction vary systematically with time. | 幅度和方向有规则地随时间而变化的误差。 |
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error: personal | （个）人（误）差
| The result of the inability of an observer to perceive dimensional values exactly. Personal errors may be either random or systematic in beh... more | 观测者不能准确感知尺寸值的结果。人差在观测中可能是随机的，也可能是规则的。亦见personal equation（个... more |