Chinese English

In the IALA Maritime Buoyage System a NAVIGATION MARK used to indicate the PORT or STARBOARD side of the ROUTE to be followed. They are generally used for well defined CHANNELs and are used in conjunction with a conventional direction of BUOYAGE. See also LATERAL SYSTEM.

在IALA海上浮标系统中，用来指示船舶航行路线左侧或右侧的标志。它们通常用于边界清晰的航道，且与传统方位标联合使用。亦可见lateral system（侧面标系统）。

A buoyage system generally used for well defined CHANNELS; buoyage marks indicate the POSITION of dangers in relation to the route to be followed by mariners in their vicinity.

ANGULAR DISTANCE between the DIRECTION OF GRAVITY and the plane of the EQUATOR. Astronomical latitude is the LATITUDE which results directly from OBSERVATIONS on CELESTIAL BODIES, uncor­rected for DEFLECTION OF THE VERTICAL.

ANGULAR DISTANCE north or south of the ECLIPTIC; the arc of a CIRCLE OF LATITUDE between the ECLIPTIC and a point on the CELESTIAL SPHERE, measured northward or southward from the ECLIPTIC through 90°, and labelled N or S to indicate the direc­tion of measurement. Also called ecliptic lati­tude.

黄道北或南的角距离。黄道与天球上某一点之间的纬圈圆弧。从黄道向北或向南测量90°，采用N或S表示测量方向。也称作ecliptic latitude（黄纬）。

The angle at the centre of a sphere which is tangent to the SPHEROID along the GEODETIC EQUATOR, between the plane of the EQUATOR and the radius to the point inter­sected on the sphere by a straight line perpendicular to the plane of the EQUA­TOR and passing through the point on the SPHEROID whose parametric latitude is defined. Parametric latitude is an auxiliary LATITUDE used in problems of GEODESY and CARTOGRAPHY. Also calledreduced latitu­de, geometric latitudeor eccentric angle.

设想一球体与椭球在赤道相切，由球体上某点向赤道平面作垂线，则该垂线与椭球体交点的参量纬度为过球体交点的半径与赤道面所夹的球心角即定义为参量纬度。参量纬度是一种用于解决大地测量学和制图学问题的辅助纬度。亦称reduced latitude（归化纬度）、geometric latitude（归化纬度）或eccentric angle（偏心角）。

ANGULAR DISTANCE from the EQUA­TOR, measured northward or southward through 90° and labelled N or S to indicate the direction of measure­ment.