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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	dock sill	坞槛，船坞底槛	The foundation at the bottom of the entrance to a dry dock or lock against which the caisson or gates close. The depth of water controlling ... more The foundation at the bottom of the entrance to a dry dock or lock against which the caisson or gates close. The depth of water controlling the use of the dock or lock is measured from the sill to the surface.	位于干船坞入口或者干船坞闸底部的设施，与沉箱或者关闭的闸门紧密相连。控制船坞或者船坞闸使用的�... more 位于干船坞入口或者干船坞闸底部的设施，与沉箱或者关闭的闸门紧密相连。控制船坞或者船坞闸使用的水深是从船坞底槛到水面的距离。
	dog leg	折线航路，急转弯	A LEG which does not lead directly to the destination or way point.	不直接通向终点或者航路点的一段航线。
	doldrums	赤道无风带	Zone of calm or light variable WINDS, in the lower atmospheric LAYERS, situated near the THERMAL EQUATOR; the zone follows, with slight time... more Zone of calm or light variable WINDS, in the lower atmospheric LAYERS, situated near the THERMAL EQUATOR; the zone follows, with slight time lag, the annual meridional fluctuation of the THERMAL EQUATOR.	位于热赤道附近、对流层底层风向多变的弱风或者无风的区域；该区域随着热赤道的南北移动而移动，但�... more 位于热赤道附近、对流层底层风向多变的弱风或者无风的区域；该区域随着热赤道的南北移动而移动，但在在时间上稍微滞后。
	dolphin	系船柱，系船浮标	A post or group of posts, used for mooring or warping a vessel, or as an AID TO NAVIGATION. The dolphin may be in the water, on a WHARF or o... more A post or group of posts, used for mooring or warping a vessel, or as an AID TO NAVIGATION. The dolphin may be in the water, on a WHARF or on the BEACH.	一个桩或者一组桩，用于系泊或者牵引船舶，或者用做助航标志。系船柱可以建造在水中、码头上或者海�... more 一个桩或者一组桩，用于系泊或者牵引船舶，或者用做助航标志。系船柱可以建造在水中、码头上或者海滩上。
	dolphin beacon	桩标	A minor light structure consisting of a number of piles driven into the bottom in a geometric or random pattern and drawn together, with a l... more A minor light structure consisting of a number of piles driven into the bottom in a geometric or random pattern and drawn together, with a light mounted at the top.	一种较小的灯桩设施，将大量的柱子按照一定的形状或以随机的形式打入底部并连接在一起，在顶部安装�... more 一种较小的灯桩设施，将大量的柱子按照一定的形状或以随机的形式打入底部并连接在一起，在顶部安装航标灯。
	Doppler effect	多普勒效应	The apparent change in WAVE LENGTH, and therefore in FREQUENCY of RADIANT ENERGY, when the distance between the source and the observer or R... more The apparent change in WAVE LENGTH, and therefore in FREQUENCY of RADIANT ENERGY, when the distance between the source and the observer or RECEIVER is changing. This effect is exploited in underwater acoustics and satellite positioning.	波源与观测者或接收机之间的距离不断变化时所引起辐射能的波长和频率的视变化。在水声定位和卫星定�... more 波源与观测者或接收机之间的距离不断变化时所引起辐射能的波长和频率的视变化。在水声定位和卫星定位中利用这种效应。
	Doppler navigation	多普勒导航	See NAVIGATION.	应用多普勒频移测量技术和设备进行的导航。该技术是根据发射和反射的信号自动计算偏流角和地速。偏�... more 应用多普勒频移测量技术和设备进行的导航。该技术是根据发射和反射的信号自动计算偏流角和地速。偏流角和地速用于推算航位，可人工计算，也可用计算机计算。在这两种情况下，均需输入船舶航向。
	double high water	双高潮	See HIGH WATER.	一种存在两个潮位最高点且高度几乎相同的高潮，两个潮位最高点通过相对较小的降幅来区分。参见double t... more 一种存在两个潮位最高点且高度几乎相同的高潮，两个潮位最高点通过相对较小的降幅来区分。参见double tide（双潮）。
	double low water	双低潮	See LOW WATER.	一种存在两个潮位最低点的低潮，两个潮位最低点通过较小的降幅来区分。参见double tide（双潮）。
	double meridian distance	倍子午距，倍横距	See MERIDIAN DISTANCE.	导线的任何一条线的端点到起始子午线或基准子午线的垂直距离的代数和。
	double tide	双潮	See TIDE.	一种具有两个高潮或者低潮的潮汐。参见double high water 和double low water（双高潮和双低潮）。
	double zenith distance	倍天顶距	See ZENITH DISTANCE.	某一物体天顶距的两倍值，它通过观测的手段获得，而不是通过数学计算得到。
	doubtful sounding	可疑水深	See SOUNDING.	在海图上显示在礁石、浅滩等上面的水深，可能比实际水深值小。
	Dove prism	多夫棱镜，旋[转]像棱镜	A prism which reverts the IMAGE but does not deviate nor displace the BEAM. A given angular ROTATION of the prism about its longitudinal AXI... more A prism which reverts the IMAGE but does not deviate nor displace the BEAM. A given angular ROTATION of the prism about its longitudinal AXIS causes the IMAGE to rotate through twice the angle. Also called a rotating prism.	一种能使图像颠倒而不使光束偏离和移位的棱镜。如将这种棱镜绕其纵轴旋转某一角度时，则图像旋转的�... more 一种能使图像颠倒而不使光束偏离和移位的棱镜。如将这种棱镜绕其纵轴旋转某一角度时，则图像旋转的角度为该角度的两倍。也称之为Rotating Prism（转像棱镜）。
	down	丘陵	An area of high, treeless GROUND, usually undulating and covered with grass. See also DUNE.	高度较高且无树木的地面区域，通常高低起伏并有草覆盖。参见dune（沙丘）。
	downstream	顺流	(adj. and adv.). In the direction of FLOW of a CURRENT or STREAM. The opposite is UPSTREAM.	（形容词或者副词）。沿水流或者河流流动方向。反义词是upstream（逆流）。
	downwind	顺风	(adj. and adv.). In the direction toward which the WIND is blowing. The opposite is UPWIND.	（形容词或者副词）。指沿风吹去的方向。反义词upwind（逆风）。
	dracontic month	交点月	See MONTH: NODICAL.	参见nodical month（交点月）。
	draft (or draught)	吃水	The vertical distance, at any section of a vessel from the surface of the water to the bottom of the keel. When measured at or near the bow,... more The vertical distance, at any section of a vessel from the surface of the water to the bottom of the keel. When measured at or near the bow, it is referred to as draft forward and when measured at or near the stern as draft aft. The mean draft is the mean of the drafts forward and aft. These drafts are more specifically described as displacement drafts as opposed to navigational drafts which are measured to the lowest appendage to the hull as opposed to the keel.	船舶任意一部分从水面到龙骨底部的垂直距离。当在船首或者船首附近测量时，它指首吃水；当在船尾或�... more 船舶任意一部分从水面到龙骨底部的垂直距离。当在船首或者船首附近测量时，它指首吃水；当在船尾或者船尾附近测量时，称之为尾吃水。平均吃水是首吃水和尾吃水的平均值。这些吃水更加明确的描述为实际吃水，这与外形吃水不同。外形吃水指从水面量至包括任何附体或水线下突出物在内的船舶最低点的垂直距离，而不是龙骨。
	draft aft	尾吃水	See DRAFT.	参见draft（吃水）。
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