Chinese English

一种经纬仪。使用测向经纬仪时，在一系列观测中度盘位置保持不变，望远镜顺序照准信号或者物体，通常使用测微器显微镜读取照准时度盘上每个方向观测值。

通过一系列连续的短水平线确定两点间的高程差。短水平线同附近的地标高差通过配备水平仪的水准测量设备直接观测标有刻度的标尺来确定。

(U.S. disk). Rotating storage medium composed of one or two usable surfaces or a vertical assembly of such discs with a common axis. Typically discs combine high storage volumes and short access time allowing fast access to data which is distributed randomly over the medium.

（美国术语）。旋转的存储介质，由一个或者两个可使用的面组成，或者沿一个共同的轴垂直组装多个磁盘组成。通常，磁盘具有大存储量和高访问速率，允许快速访问随机存储在该介质上的数据。

Unnatural coloured areas in the SEA due to the existence of SHOALS. SEA WATER having a colour other than the blues and greens normally seen. Variations of the colours red, yellow, green and brown, as well as black and white, have been reported. Dis­colorations may appear in patches, streaks, or large areas and may be caused by concentrations of inorganic or organic particles or PLANKTON. See RED TIDE.

在海洋中由于存在浅滩而海水颜色为非自然颜色的区域。海水颜色不是我们正常所看到的蓝色或者绿色。据报告的颜色有红色、黄色、褐色以及白色和黑色。变色海水可能以块状、条纹状或者大面积区域呈现，产生的原因可能是无机物或者有机物颗粒或者浮游生物聚集引起的。参见red tide（赤潮）。

A difference between results of duplicate or comparable measures of a quantity. The difference in computed values of a quantity obtained by different processes using DATA from the same SURVEY.

对某一个量进行重复测量或者不同的方法所得测量结果之差。也指利用同一测量数据采用不同的计算方法所得的某一个量计算值之差。

A radar circuit that produces a RESPONSE which depends upon the FREQUENCY of the input signal. A transponder beacon circuit which accepts PULSES of proper duration and rejects others. That part of a frequency modulation receiver which converts the modulated SIGNALS directly into audiofrequency signals.

产生回应的雷达电路，回应取决于输入信号的频率。一种无线电应答信标，它接受适当宽度的脉冲而拒绝其它的。无线电调频接收机的构成部分，它将调频信号直接转换成音频信号。

The separation of RADIANT ENERGY into its various components. In optics, the separation of light into its component colours by its passage through a diffraction grating or by REFRACTION such as that provided by a prism. In OCEANOGRAPHY, the separation of a complex surface gravity wave disturbance into its component parts.

将辐射能分解成它的各种成分。在光学中，指采用衍射光栅或者折射方式（例如棱镜）将光分离成各种单色光。 在海洋学中，将复杂的表面重力波扰动分离为各种不同频率的波。

In RADIOLOCA­TION, the half of the band of uncertainty having as its centre line an ELECTRONIC LINE OF POSITION. In PHOTOGRAMMETRY, any shift in the position of an IMAGE on a PHOTOGRAPH which does not alter the perspective characteristics of the PHOTOGRAPH (i.e. shift due to TILT of the PHOTOGRAPH, scale change in the PHOTOGRAPH, and RELIEF of the objects photographed).

在无线电定位中，将无线电定位线作为中心线时无线电波段不确定值的一半。在摄影测量中，指摄影相片上的像点位置的任何偏移，它并不改变摄影相片的透视特征（例如，由于相片倾斜、尺度变化以及地地形起伏产生的像点位移）。

A RADIOBEACON equipped with a synchronized SOUND SIGNAL to provide a means of determining distances from the source of the SOUND, by measuring the difference in the time of reception of the SIGNALS.

一种装备有同步声音信号的无线电信标电台，它提供了一种通过测量信号接收时间差确定声源距离的方式。

An undesired change in WAVEFORM. In optics, an aberration affecting the position of the IMAGES off the AXIS, in which objects at different ANGULAR DISTANCES from the AXIS undergo different MAGNIFICATIONS. Also called lens distortion. In PHOTOGRAPHY, any shift in the position of an IMAGE on a PHOTOGRAPH which alters the perspective characteristics of the PHOTOGRAPH. Causes of image distortion include lens aberration, DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE of film or paper, and motion of the film or CAMERA.

一种不希望得到的波形变化。 在光学中，影响图像像点位置的像差，物体的失真大小随距主轴角距离不同而不同，也称之为透镜畸变。 在摄影测量学中，改变像片投影性质的所造成图像位置的任何偏移。引起图像失真的原因包括透镜像差、胶片或者纸的收缩以及照相机或者摄像机的移动。