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choppy sea | （海面）有三角浪的，波涛汹涌的
| The state of the sea caused by interaction of waves running in different directions. | 由不同方向波浪的影响所引起的海况。 |
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chromatic aberration | 色差
| See ABERRATION OF LIGHT. | 见aberration of light（光行差）。 |
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chromatism | 色差
| See ABERRATION OF LIGHT. | 参见aberration of light（光行差）。 |
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chromosphere | 色球层
| The reddish LAYER of incandescent gases around the SUN, visible at a TOTAL ECLIPSE. A similar LAYER surrounding a STAR. | 包围太阳的红色炽热气体层，在日全食时可见。也指围绕其它星球的类似气体层。 |
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chronograph | 计时器
| An instrument for measuring and recording TIME or time intervals. | 一种用于记录时间或时间间隔的仪器。 |
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chronometer | 航海计时器，天文钟
| A portable timekeeper with a compensated balance, capable of showing TIME with extreme PRECISION and ACCURACY. | 一种装置平衡环的便携式计时器，计时十分精确。 |
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chronometer: sidereal | 恒星天文钟 | A CHRONOMETER that indicates SIDEREAL TIME at a given place, or that corresponding to a given MERIDIAN. | 指示某处或对应于某一子午线的恒星时的天文钟。 |
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chronometer: standard | （标准）天文钟，精密计时器 | The CHRONOMETER with which the others aboard a vessel are compared and to which all OBSERVATIONS involving TIME are referred. | 安装在船上的天文钟，船上的其他钟表均同它比对，并用它的计时作为所有观测计时的基准。 |
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chronometer correction | 天文钟改正量，天文钟差（量）
| The amount to be added algebraically to the TIME of the CHRONOMETER to obtain the correct TIME. | 用代数的方法加在天文钟计时上以获得准确时间的量。 |
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chronometer rate | 天文钟日差率 | The amount gained or lost by a CHRONOMETER in a unit of TIME. It is usually expressed in SECONDS per 24 HOURS, and is sometimes called daily... more | 天文钟在单位时间内快慢时间量，通常表示为秒/24小时，有时称作日差（daily rate）。 |
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chronometric method | 计时法
| A former method of determining LONGITUDE by transporting CHRONOMETERS between STATIONS whose DIFFERENCE OF LONGITUDE was to be determined. | 以前测定经度的一种方法：在两站间移动天文钟，从而测出两站间的经差。 |
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cinders | 火山渣，火山岩烬（海底底质）
| Fragments formed when MAGMA is blown into the air; larger in size than VOLCANIC ASH. Cinders are a constituent of certain marine sediments. | 当岩浆喷人空中所形成碎屑，其大小大于火山灰。火山渣是某些海洋沉积物的组成成分。 |
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circle | 度盘
| In a surveying instrument, the graduated disk which is perpendicular to and centered about an AXIS of ROTATION and is calibrated to read the... more | 在测量仪器中垂直于旋转轴、且以旋转轴为中心的刻度盘，经过校准可读取旋转量。 |
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circle: dip | 磁倾仪
| See DIP CIRCLE. | 测量磁倾角用的设备。本质上磁倾仪是由一个悬挂的磁倾针或者磁力针组成，磁力针采用悬挂的方式目的... more |
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circle: fundamental | 基本大圆
| See PRIMARY GREAT CIRCLE. | 参见primary great circle（基准大圆）。 |
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circle: great | 大圆、大圈
| The intersection of a sphere and a plane through its center. See also ORTHODROME. | 过球心的平面和球体的交线。亦可参见orthodrome（大圆航线）。 |
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circle: horizontal | 水平度盘
| In a surveying instrument, the graduated CIRCLE used for measuring horizontal angles. | 在某一测量仪器中，用于测量水平角的刻度盘。 |
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circle: hydrographic | 海道测量六分仪
| A double-reflecting instrument intended primarily for use in HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY; enables measurement of angles up to 180°. See also SEXTAN... more | 一种双反射的测角仪器，主要用于海道测量；最大测角可达180度。亦可见sounding sextant。未见sounding sextant。 |
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circle: small | 小圆 | The intersection of a sphere and a plane which does not pass through its center. | 不通过球心的平面与球面的交线。 |
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circle: vertical | 垂直度盘，垂直圈，地平经圈
| A GREAT CIRCLE on the CELESTIAL SPHERE passing through the ZENITH and NADIR. Vertical circles are perpendicular to the HORIZON. In a survey... more | 天球上过天顶和天顶的大圈。它垂直于真地平。 |