Chinese English

一种三角测量方法，采用从三个岸上站同时对中间站离岸船只携带的物标进行观测。中间站与两个端点站之间必须通视。

(n.). An offshore hazard to surface NAVIGATION with substantially less clearance than the surrounding area and composed of unconsolidated material.

The narrow zone seaward from the low tide shoreline, permanently covered by water, over which the beach sands and gravels actively oscillate with chan­ging wave conditions.

The line where SHORE and water meet. Although the terminology of COASTS and SHORES is rather confused, shoreline and coastline are generally used as synonymous.

Shoreline maps are the graphic repre­sen­tation of planetable and photogrammetric surveys. The maps contain graphic data relating to the shoreli­ne, alongshore natural and man‑made features, and a narrow zone of natural and man‑made features inland from the shoreline. The original sources of a shoreli­ne map are ground survey data and photographs. Utilizing these sources, photogrammetric map compila­tion techniques, and instruments, cartographers generate shoreline maps, overlays, and associated data. The data are primarily generated to support nautical chart mainte­nance, new nautical chart construction, and hydrogra­phic survey operations.

海岸线图是平板仪测量和摄影测量结果的图形描绘。内容包括以下图形资料：海岸线，沿岸自然与人工地物，岸线以上陆地带的自然与人工地物。海岸图的原始资料是地面测量资料和像片，测图员应用这些资料，利用摄影测图技术和仪器，生产出海岸线地图，透明片以及有关数据。这些数据主要用于航海图改正，新海图编制以及海道测量作业。

整个工作期间都在某一固定地点的无线电定位台。其对应术语是车载无线电站。亦称shore station。 在海洋学中，指进行海洋观测重复使用的平台。它们包括：海岸和岛屿站、灯标船、气象预报船、自动观测站及冰情观测站等。亦称fixed platform。

An underwater acoustic position fixing system comprising a minimum of three hydrophones on the hull of a surface vessel. Three ranges are measured to a beacon either mounted on the seabed or a submersible to obtain a three-dimensional position fix.

一种水下声定位系统，在水面船只外壳上安置三个小型水听器，对安置在海床上或潜艇上的标志测出三个距离，获得其定点的三维位置。

一种比标准广播波段波长短的无线电波。 在海洋学中，是指相对深度（水深/波长）大于0.5且相位速度与水深无关，而与波长有关的波。

PRECIPITATION, often short-lived and heavy, falling from convective CLOUDS; the drops or solid particles in showers are usually bigger than the corre­sponding elements in other types of PRECIPI­TATI­ON. Showers are characterized by their sudden begin­ning and ending, generally by large and rapid changes of intensity, and, most frequently, by the appearance of the sky; namely, rapid alternations of dark, mena­cing CLOUDS (cumulonimbus) and of CLEARANCES of short dura­tion.

短暂而猛烈的降水，自对流云层降落，雨滴或固态颗粒比其它种类的降水要大得多。暴雨的特点是骤然开始与停止；降水密度大幅度且急速改变；最显著的是天空的变化，即浓密黑暗的云层（积雨云）与短暂的晴朗现象迅速交替出现。

An accumulation of spongy white ice lumps, a few centimetres across; the lumps are formed from grease ice or slush and sometimes from anchor ice rising to the surface.

A SHUTTER located between the lens elements of a CAMERA; usually consisting of thin metal leaves which open and close or revolve to make the EXPOSURE.