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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	grid: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)	NULL	A grid system in which a grid network is applied to TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PROJECTIONS of zones of the EARTH's surface extending to 80�... more A grid system in which a grid network is applied to TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PROJECTIONS of zones of the EARTH's surface extending to 80° N. and S. LATITUDES.	NULL
	grid azimuth	坐标方位角	See AZIMUTH.	某直线与平面直角坐标系的y轴在投影面内的夹角。参见grid bearing（格网方位角）。
	grid bearing	格网坐标方位、格网方位角	See BEARING.	以格网北为基准的方位。亦可见grid azimuth（坐标方位角）。
	grid coordinates	平面直角坐标	See COORDINATES.	建立在地图投影基础之上并经数学调整的平面直角坐标系统。这样用经、纬度表示的地理位置能够迅速转�... more 建立在地图投影基础之上并经数学调整的平面直角坐标系统。这样用经、纬度表示的地理位置能够迅速转换为平面坐标，并且用平面测量的普通方法能够迅速地进行有关坐标的计算。
	grid course	坐标航向	See COURSE.	参见course（航向）。
	grid declination	格网真北偏角，子午线收敛角	The angular difference in DIRECTION between GRID NORTH and TRUE NORTH. It is measured east or west from TRUE NORTH.	坐标北和真北方向的夹角。角度从真北向东或者向西量取。
	grid direction	格网方向	See DIRECTION.	用自格网北的角距表示的水平方向。
	gridiron	船架	See CAREENING GRID.	参见careening grid（船架）。
	grid magnetic angle	格网磁偏角	See VARIATION: GRID.	参见grid variation（格网磁偏角）。
	grid meridian	坐标网纵线	See MERIDIAN.	指格网线中向南北方向延伸的线。
	grid method	格网转绘法，方格转绘法	In PHOTOGRAMMETRY, a method of plotting detail from OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS by superimposing a perspective of a map grid on a PHOTOGRAPH and... more In PHOTOGRAMMETRY, a method of plotting detail from OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS by superimposing a perspective of a map grid on a PHOTOGRAPH and transferring the detail by eye, that is, by using the corresponding lines of the map grid and its perspective as placement guides. See also GRID: PERSPECTIVE.	在摄影测量学中，将地图透视格网叠加到倾斜像片上，从中转绘资料的一种方法。格网与像片相应的格网�... more 在摄影测量学中，将地图透视格网叠加到倾斜像片上，从中转绘资料的一种方法。格网与像片相应的格网线对准，由目视转绘。参见perspective grid（透视投影格网）。
	grid navigation	格网导航	See NAVIGATION.	利用格网方向的导航。
	grid north	坐标北，格网北	See NORTH.	格网导航中使用的任一参考方向。格网方向基准指示的北方向或者零方向。
	grid ticks	格网标记，细分格网短线	Short lines indicating where selected grid lines intersect the NEAT LINE.	内图廓线上细分格网短线。
	grid variation	格网磁偏角	See VARIATION.	格网北、磁北间方向角差。它从格网北起始向东或者向西量取。也称为grivation或者 grid magnetic angle。
	grivation	坐标磁偏角，磁针坐标纵线偏角，格网磁差；方格角；方格磁角	See VARIATION: GRID.	参见grid variation（格网磁偏角）。
	groin (or groyne)	堤坝、防波堤，防沙堤，折流坝	A low artificial wall-like structure of durable material extending from the LAND to seaward for a particular purpose, such as to protect t... more A low artificial wall-like structure of durable material extending from the LAND to seaward for a particular purpose, such as to protect the COAST or to force a CURRENT to scour a CHANNEL. Sometimes called arip-rap in New England waters.	一种从陆地延伸至海中的人造耐久材料低墙建筑，其目的是保护海岸线，阻挡水流冲刷航道。在新英格兰�... more 一种从陆地延伸至海中的人造耐久材料低墙建筑，其目的是保护海岸线，阻挡水流冲刷航道。在新英格兰水域有时也称为rip-rap（乱石堆）。
	gross error	粗差	See ERROR.	由于粗心或者错误导致的结果；可通过重复测量检测。也称为blunder（粗差，误差）。
	ground	海底，地面	The BOTTOM of the SEA. The solid surface of the EARTH.	海洋的底部。地球固体表面。
	ground	搁浅，触底（及物和不及物动词）	v.t. and i.). To touch BOTTOM or run aground. See STRAND.	接触海底或者搁浅。参见strand（触礁，搁浅）。
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