Chinese English

Nonfloating structures used for concealing waterfowl hunters. They usually consist of a wooden framework covered with brush. They are essentially unreported to any charting authority when built. They are unlighted and often constructed in navigable water without regard to the possible hazard they pose, especially to the small craft operator. Many are substantial structures built on piles. Even after they are eventually reduced to ruins the pilings may persist for years.

用于隐藏水禽以逃离猎杀者捕捉的非浮动设施。它通常由灌木丛覆盖的木制框架组成。在建造猎鸭掩体时通常不向海图管理机构报告。它们没有灯光，并且经常建造在可航行水域，未考虑可能造成的危害，尤其是对小船操作者。许多猎鸭掩体是建立柱桩之上的实质的结构。即使它们完全损坏但是柱桩可能继续存在数年。

A LAYER in the OCEAN or ATMOSPHERE where REFRACTION and, probably, REFLECTION result in the trapping and propagation within the LAYER of SOUND WAVES or ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

Notification of a given action for general information through appropriate authorities within a reasonable amount of time in a suitable manner. Used in the context of the United Nations' Law of the Sea Convention.

通过合适的管理机构在合理的时间里采用适当的方式对某一行动的概要信息进行公告。用于美国海洋法公约背景中。

A sea area where dredged material or other potentially more harmful material e.g. explosives, chemical waste, is deliberately deposited. See also SPOIL GROUND.

Duration of flood is the interval of time in which a tidal current is flooding, and the duration of ebb is the interval in which it is ebbing; these intervals being reckoned from the middle of the intervening slack waters or minimum currents. Together they cover, on an average, a period of 12.42 hours for a semidiurnal tidal current or a period of 24.84 hours for a diurnal current. In a normal semidiurnal tidal current, the duration of flood and duration of ebb will each be approximately equal to 6.21 hours, but the times may be modified greatly by the presence of a non-tidal flow. In a river the duration of ebb is usually longer than the duration of flood because of the fresh water discharge, especially during the spring months when snow and ice melt are the predominant influences.

涨潮持续时间是潮流涨潮所持续的时间，落潮持续时间是潮流落潮所持续的时间；涨潮和落潮持续时间从平潮或者最小潮流的中间时刻计算得到。对于半日潮，涨潮和落潮持续时间之和平均为12.42小时；对于日周潮，涨潮和落潮持续时间之和平均为24.84小时。在标准的半日潮中，涨潮持续时间和落潮持续时间大约都是6.21小时，但是存在非潮汐流，导致这个时间发生很大的变化。在河流中，由于淡水的流动落潮持续时间通常长于涨潮持续时间，尤其在春季雪和冰的融化是主要的影响因素。

Duration of rise is the interval from low water to high water, and duration of fall is the interval from high water to low water. Together they cover, on an average, a period of 12.42 hours for a semidiurnal tide or a period of 24.84 hours for a diurnal tide. In a normal semidiurnal tide, the duration of rise and duration of fall will each be approximately equal to 6.21 hours, but in shallow waters and in rivers there is a tendency for a decrease in the duration of rise and a corresponding increase in the duration of fall.

涨潮历时是从低潮到高潮所经历的时间，落潮历时是从高潮到低潮经历的时间。对于半日潮，涨潮和落潮历时之和平均为12.42小时；对于日周潮，涨潮和落潮历时之和平均为24.84小时。在标准的半日潮中，涨潮历时和落潮历时大约都是6.21小时，但是在浅水水域和河流中，有涨潮历时时间变短和落潮历时延长的趋势。

Any substance com­minuted or pulverized, especially EARTH or other solid matter in a minute and fine state of subdivision, so that the particles are small and light enough to be easily raised and carried in a CLOUD by the WIND.

粉碎的任何物质，尤其是小颗粒或者细散状态的地表或者其它固体物质，这样这些细小的颗粒足够小和轻以至于风可将其吹起，在云中携带。

Ensemble of particles of DUST or SAND energetically lifted to great HEIGHTS by a strong and turbulent WIND. Also called sandstorm. Also written as two words.

Manoeuvring of a vessel to keep a position relative to a seabed feature; normally underwater acoustic position fixing systems are used for this purpose.