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Term | 术语 | Definition | 定义 |
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sphere | 球面 | A curved surface all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point within, called the centre. | 距一个称作球心的内部固定点等距离的所有点组成的曲面。 |
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spherical aberration | 球面像差 | See ABERRATION OF LIGHT. | 在天文学中,指光速及地面观测者的速度综合引起的天体位置视位移。由地球自转所引起的光行差,称为... more |
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spherical buoy | 球形浮标 | See BUOY. | 系泊于海底特定位置处,用作助航物或其他用途的浮动标志。助航浮标可按下述方法分类。
(1)根据... more |
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spherical coordinates | 球面坐标 | See COORDINATES. | 极坐标系统的一种。其原点为球心,全部坐标点处在球面上。该坐标系统的极轴与球面相交于球的两极。 |
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spherical excess | 球面角超 | The amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds 180°. | 球面三角形三内角之和超过180°的量值。 |
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spherical sailing | 球面航法 | See SAILING. | 任何将地球视为球体或椭球体而进行航行的方法。 |
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spherical wave | 球面波 | See WAVE. | 波峰面成同心球形的一种波。这种波由一点源传出。 |
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spheroid | 椭球,旋转椭球 | An ellipsoid; a figure resembling a sphere. Also called ellipsoid or ELLIPSOID OF REVOLUTION, from the fact that it can be formed by revolvi... more | 椭圆球体;形状类似于球体。亦称椭球或旋转椭圆体,因其是使椭圆绕其一个轴旋转而形成。在大地测量... more |
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spheroid: oblate | 扁球体
| An ELLIPSOID OF REVOLUTION, the minor AXIS of which is the AXIS of REVOLUTION. The EARTH is approximately an oblate spheroid. | 以短轴为旋转轴的旋转椭球体。地球近似于扁球体。 |
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spheroid: prolate | 长球体 | An ELLIPSOID OF REVOLUTION, the major AXIS of which is the AXIS of REVOLUTION. | 长轴为旋转轴的旋转椭球。 |
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spheroid of reference | 参考椭球体, 参考椭球 | See REFERENCE SPHEROID. | 尺寸紧密接近于大地水准面的一种理论地球形状,其精确尺寸由需考虑的各种地球表面因素决定。各国大... more |
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spicule | 针状体 | A minute needlelike or multiradiate calcareous or siliceous body in sponges, radiolarians, primitive chitons, and echinoderms. They freque... more | 海绵、放射虫、原始石鳖和棘皮动物的微小针状及多辐射钙质或硅质体。它们常在海洋沉积物样品中被发... more |
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spilling breaker | 崩顶浪花 | See BREAKER. | 一种在沿岸、暗礁等处破碎的波浪,碎浪大体可分为三种(尽管各种都相互交错):崩涌碎浪通过相当长... more |
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spindle | 测杆,测量轴;轴 | A spar serving as a BEACON. A slender pin or rod, as one constituting part of a machine. | 可用作信标的圆木。组成机械一部分的细长柱、杆。 |
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spire | 尖塔,尖顶,螺旋(线) | A pointed structure extending above a building. The spire is seldom less than two‑thirds of the entire height and its lines are rarely bro... more | 从建筑物上伸出的尖顶结构。尖顶一般不小于其全部高度的三分之二,它的轮廓线很少被层次或其它地物... more |
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spirit bubble | (酒精)水准气泡 | See LEVEL: SPIRIT. | 一种小型密封的容器(玻璃管),其内部表面上部是弯曲的,容器填充了低粘度的液体(酒精或乙醚),... more |
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spirit compass | (酒精)液体罗经 | See COMPASS: LIQUID. | 磁罗经的一种。它的罗经盒内盛满液体以减少盘的震动。有时称spirit compass, or wet compass(液体罗经)。 |
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spirit level | (气泡)水准器
| See LEVEL. | 一种小型密封的容器(玻璃管),其内部表面上部是弯曲的,容器填充了低粘度的液体(酒精或乙醚),... more |
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spirit level axis | 水准器(仪)轴 | See AXIS OF SPIRIT LEVEL. | 指与水准气泡管面相切的线,处于水准器刻度尺的中央,以及气泡管的平面和其曲率中心处。亦称level axis ... more |
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spirit levelling | 几何水准测量 | See LEVELLING. | 测量各点之间的相对高程或各点相对于一个通用基准的高程,通过使用水准尺并用水准器将视线整至水平... more |