English

WIND with a SPEED between 44 and 50 KNOTS (Beau­fort scale wind force 10). NOTE: The term 'storm' has been substituted for the term 'whole gale' in U.S. Weather Bureau Warnings. This term refers to wind speeds of 48-63 KNOTS.

A RISE above normal water level on the OPEN COAST due only to the action of WIND stress on the water surface. Storm surge resulting from a HURRI­CANE or other intense STORM also includes the RISE in level due to ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE reduction as well as that due to wind stress. A storm surge is more severe when it occurs in conjunction with a HIGH TIDE. Also called storm tide, storm wave, tidal wave.

(v.t. & i.). To run aground. The term strand usually refers to a serious grounding, while the term GROUND refers to any grounding, however slight.

(1) The terms "stranded" and "sunken" apply exclusively to items that once were afloat but which are now resting on the bottom. Stranded items project above the sounding datum while sunken items do not project above the sounding datum. These terms apply most often to wrecks. Masts, funnels, and other extensions of wreck superstructure should be disregarded when applying the above definition; i.e., such features may project above the sounding datum and still have the wreck classified as sunken. (2) The grounding of a vessel so that it is not soon refloated; a serious grounding.

A broad elongated DEPRESSION with relatively steep walls located on a CONTINENTAL SHELF. The longi­tudinal profile of the floor is gently undulating with greatest DEPTHS often found in the inshore portion.

Region of the ATMOSPHERE, situated bet­ween the TROPOPA­USE and the STRATOPAUSE, in which the temperature generally increases with HEIGHT. From an imperfect analogy with the ATMOSPHERE, the term is sometimes applied in OCEANOGRAPHY to the nearly uniform masses of cold, deep and bottom water of middle and low LATITUDES. This LAYER is separated from the TROPO­SPHERE by the THER­MOCLINE.