English

1. The capability of a device to perform functions that are normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and self‑improvement. 2. Research and study in methods for the development of a machine that can improve its own operations. The development or capability of a machine that can proceed or perform functions that are normally associated with human intelligence, as learning, adapting, reasoning, self‑correction, automa­tic improvement. 3. The study of computer and related techniques to supplement the in­tellectu­al capabilities of man. As man has invented and used tools to increase his physical powers, he now is beginning to use artificial intelligence to increase his mental powers. In a more restric­ted sense, the study of techniques for more effective use of digital computers by improved programming techniques.

Bearing approximately 180° relative. The term is often used loosely for DEAD ASTERN, or bearing exactly 180° relative. The opposite is AHEAD.

One of the many small PLANETS revolving around the SUN, most of the ORBITS being between those of Mars and Jupiter. Also called PLANETOID or MINOR PLANET.

An aberration affecting the sharpness of IMAGES for objects off the AXIS, in which the RAYS passing through different meridians of the LENS come to FOCUS in different planes.

An ASTROLABE consisting of a TELESCOPE in a horizontal position, with a prism and ARTIFICIAL HORIZON attached at its objective end, used for determining ASTRONOMIC POSITIONS.

The science of locomotion and travel outside the EARTH's ATMOSPHERE, involving the problems of ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES and of interplanetary journeys.