English

Historic bays are those over which the coastal state has publicly claimed and exercised juris­diction and this jurisdiction has been accepted by other states. Historic bays need not match the defini­tion of "bay" contained in the United Nations Conven­tion on the Law of the Sea.

Deposit of ICE, having a crystalline ap­pearance, generally assuming the form of scales, needles, feathers or fans. Hoarfrost is produced in a manner similar to DEW but at a temperature below 0°C. Also written as two words.

Used in oceanography. The tidal current vector hodograph is the figure traced out by the tip of a vector representing the current over the tidal cycle.

An expres­sion usually used with a modifying adjective to indicate the quality of the holding power of the material constitut­ing the BOTTOM of an ANCHORAGE; e.g., of good (or poor) holding ground.

An unintentional unsurveyed area within a given hydrographic survey where the spacing between sounding lines or surveys exceeds the maximum allowa­ble limits.

NAVIGATION toward a point by maintaining con­stant some navigational COOR­DINATE(S), usually BEA­RING. The procedure of using the direction-finding equip­ment of one RADIO STATION with the emission of another RADIO STATION, where at least one of the STATIONS is mobile, and whereby the MOBILE STATION proceeds conti­nuously towards the other STATION.

The irregular line along which rays from the point of observation are tangent to the surface of the EARTH. Also called visible (or local) horizon.

That circle of the CELESTIAL SPHE­RE, formed by the intersection of the CELESTIAL SPHERE and a plane through the centre of the EARTH, and perpendicular to the zenith-nadir line. Also called rational horizon.

Measuring the last of a series of horizontal angles at a STATION required to make the series complete around the HORIZON. See also ERROR OF CLOSURE OF HORIZON.