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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	yard	码	A unit of length equal to 3 FEET, 36 INCHES, or 0.9144 METRE.	长度单位，1码等于3英尺，或36英寸或0.9144米。
	yaw (or yawing)	航行摇摆	The ship's oscillation about a vertical axis approximately through the center of gravity of the vessel.	船沿近似穿过船体重心竖轴的摇摆。
	y-axis	y-轴	A vertical axis in a system of RECTANGULAR COORDINATES; that line on which distances above or below (north or south of) a reference line are... more A vertical axis in a system of RECTANGULAR COORDINATES; that line on which distances above or below (north or south of) a reference line are marked, especially on a MAP, CHART, or graph. The line which is perpendicular to the X-AXIS and passes through the ORIGIN.	直角坐标系中的竖轴；在其上可以标出距此参考线上或下（北或南）的距离，特指地图、海图或其它图中�... more 直角坐标系中的竖轴；在其上可以标出距此参考线上或下（北或南）的距离，特指地图、海图或其它图中的y轴。y轴过原点与x轴垂直。
	y-coordinates	y坐标	See COORDINATES: PLANE RECTANGULAR.	一种在水平平面内描述点位的坐标系统。它以任意原点为基准，用彼此垂直的两距离来确定点位。过原点�... more 一种在水平平面内描述点位的坐标系统。它以任意原点为基准，用彼此垂直的两距离来确定点位。过原点相互垂直的两条基准线称为“坐标轴”；平行于真南北（或任意指定)坐标轴的距离称为“纵坐标”或“Y坐标”；平行于真东西（或任意指定）坐标轴的距离称为“横坐标”或“X坐标”。一般自坐标原点向北，向东为正，向南，向西为负。亦称plane coordinates。
	year	年	A period of one REVOLUTION of the EARTH around the SUN.	地球绕太阳公转一周所需的时间。
	year: anomalistic	近点年	The period of one REVOLUTION of the EARTH around the SUN, from PERIHELION to PERIHELION, averaging 365 DAYS, 6 HOURS, 13 MINUTES, 53.0 SECON... more The period of one REVOLUTION of the EARTH around the SUN, from PERIHELION to PERIHELION, averaging 365 DAYS, 6 HOURS, 13 MINUTES, 53.0 SECONDS in 1900, and increasing at the rate of 0.26 second per century.	地球从近日点到近日点绕太阳公转一周所需的时间。1900年平均为365天6小时13分钟53秒，之后每个世纪增加0.... more 地球从近日点到近日点绕太阳公转一周所需的时间。1900年平均为365天6小时13分钟53秒，之后每个世纪增加0.26秒。
	year: civil	民用年	A YEAR of the Gregorian calendar of 365 DAYS in common YEARS, or 366 DAYS in leap (or bissextile) years.	阴历平年365天，或闰年366天为一年。
	year: sidereal	恒星年	The period of one apparent REVOLUTION of the EARTH around the SUN, with respect to a fixed point, or a distant STAR devoid of proper motion,... more The period of one apparent REVOLUTION of the EARTH around the SUN, with respect to a fixed point, or a distant STAR devoid of proper motion, being 365 DAYS, 6 HOURS, 9 MINUTES, and 9.5 SECONDS in 1900 and increasing at the rate of 0.0001 second annually.	地球或某无自行运动的远星相对于某固定点绕太阳视公转一周所需的时间。1900年的时间为365天6小时9分9.5�... more 地球或某无自行运动的远星相对于某固定点绕太阳视公转一周所需的时间。1900年的时间为365天6小时9分9.5秒，年增长率为0.0001秒。
	year: tropical	回归年，太阳年	The period of one REVOLUTION of the EARTH around the SUN, with respect to the VERNAL EQUINOX. Because of PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES, this i... more The period of one REVOLUTION of the EARTH around the SUN, with respect to the VERNAL EQUINOX. Because of PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES, this is not 360° with respect to the STARS, but 50".3 less. A tropical year is about 20 minutes shorter than a SIDEREAL YEAR, averaging 365 DAYS, 5 HOURS, 48 MINUTES, and 46 SECONDS in 1900 and is decreasing at the rate of 0.00530 second annually. Also called astronomical, equinoctial, natural, or solar year.	地球相对于春分点绕太阳公转一周的时间，由于春分点岁差运动，相对某星旋转角度并非360°，而要小50.3�... more 地球相对于春分点绕太阳公转一周的时间，由于春分点岁差运动，相对某星旋转角度并非360°，而要小50.3″。回归年比恒星年短约20分钟，1900年平均为365天5小时48分46秒，年减少率为0.00530秒。亦称astronomical year（天体年）、equinoctial year（分至年）、natural year（自然年）、solar year（太阳年）。
	Y-level	Y型水准仪	See LEVELLING INSTRUMENT: Y LEVEL.	见levelling instrument：Y level（Y型水准仪）。
	young ice	初期冰	Newly formed LEVEL ICE in the transition stage of development from ICE RIND or PANCAKE ICE to WINTER ICE. Thickness from 5 to 15 cm.	由冰皮或荷叶冰到冬冰季过渡中新形成的平滑冰。厚度为5至15厘米。
	y-parallax	纵视差，y视差	See PARALLAX.	参见 parallax（视差）。
	zenith	天顶（点）	The point where the direction of the PLUMB LINE produced above the HORIZON meets the CELESTIAL SPHERE.	从水平面上作的铅垂线与天球之交点。
	zenithal projection	天顶投影	See PROJECTION: AZIMUTHAL.	一种投影，其从中心点或极点辐射的所有线的方位角或方向与该球体上相应线的方位角或方向相同。
	zenith camera	天顶摄影仪	A special CAMERA so designed that its OPTICAL AXIS may be pointed accurately toward the ZENITH. It is used for the determination of ASTRON... more A special CAMERA so designed that its OPTICAL AXIS may be pointed accurately toward the ZENITH. It is used for the determination of ASTRONOMICAL POSITIONS by photographing the position of the STARS.	一种特制的摄影仪，其光轴可精确指向天顶，用于通过拍摄星位确定天文点。
	zenith distance	天顶距	The vertical angle between the ZENITH and the object which is observed or defined. Zenith distance is the complement of the ALTITUDE. See ZE... more The vertical angle between the ZENITH and the object which is observed or defined. Zenith distance is the complement of the ALTITUDE. See ZENITH DISTANCE: DOUBLE.	天顶与被观测的或规定的目标间的垂直角。天顶距是地平纬度的余角。
	zenith distance: double	NULL	A value of twice the ZENITH DISTANCE of an object, obtained by OBSERVATION and not by mathematical process.	NULL
	zenith telescope	天顶仪	See TELESCOPE.	一种天文仪器，它通过观测中天的、尽可能相近的并几乎在天顶两侧相同高度的两颗星的天顶距来测定纬�... more 一种天文仪器，它通过观测中天的、尽可能相近的并几乎在天顶两侧相同高度的两颗星的天顶距来测定纬度。
	zero sounding(s)	零水深	See SOUNDING.	化算至水深基准面上高度的水深，但不管该高度大小，均将其作为零水深表示在测深原图上。实际上现在�... more 化算至水深基准面上高度的水深，但不管该高度大小，均将其作为零水深表示在测深原图上。实际上现在已不采用这种表示方法。
	zodiac	黄道带	The band of the sky extending 8.5° either side of the ECLIPTIC. The SUN, MOON, and navigational PLANETS are always within this band, with... more The band of the sky extending 8.5° either side of the ECLIPTIC. The SUN, MOON, and navigational PLANETS are always within this band, with the occasional exception of Venus. The zodiac is divided into 12 equal parts, called 'signs', each part being named for the principal CONSTELLATION originally within it.	黄道两侧各8.5°的一带天空，除金星有时例外，各行星、太阳、月亮均位于该带内。黄道带分为12等份，称�... more 黄道两侧各8.5°的一带天空，除金星有时例外，各行星、太阳、月亮均位于该带内。黄道带分为12等份，称为“黄道12宫”，每一宫最初用其著名星座命名。
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