Chinese English

Used in Mercator projection charts to indicate the parallel at which the noted scale of the chart is exact. The scale parallel itself need not necessarily be depicted within the chart.

The relation between an in­finitesi­mal linear distance in any direction at any point on a map PROJECTION and the corresponding linear distance on a GLOBE.

A SCALE involving a relatively large reduction in size. A small scale chart is one covering a large area. The opposite is LARGE SCALE. See SCALE: NATURAL.

A graphic SCALE by means of which the rate of SPEED of a SURVEY SHIP, or the distance tra­velled in a given time can be determined quickly and accura­tely.

A multiplier for reducing a distance obtained from a MAP by computation or scaling to the actual distance on the DATUM of the MAP. A conventional modification which may be applied to the majority of map PROJECTIONS. This is the multipli­cation of the PRINCIPAL SCALE by some numerical con­stant which is slightly less than unity. This has the effect of changing all PARTICULAR SCALES by a corre­sponding amount and, since both maximum and minimum PAR­TICULAR SCALES are similarly modified, the special properties of the PROJECTION are unaffected. The effect is to produce a better balance of positive and negative SCALE ERRORS over the mapped area.

地图上经计算或量测得到的距离，换算为地图基准上的距离时所需乘的因子。 可应用于大多数地图投影的常规变换系数。即以比1小的常数与主比例尺相乘，由此使所有局部比例尺改变一个相应的量，而且因为最大和最小局部比例尺都作了相应的改变，所以投影的特殊性质不受影响。这样，在制图区域内的正负长度变形可较好地平衡。

That SCALE at which the POSITIONS of the SOUNDINGS in the area are plotted on the HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SHEET. Suitable survey scales are selected in each case in accordance with the nature of the SURVEY and the average DEPTHS prevailing in the area.

海道测量比例尺，海区内水深点位按照该比例尺标绘在海道测量外业原图上。测量比例尺是根据测量性质和测区平均深度状况选择的。

A device for directing a BEAM of RADIANT ENERGY successively over all points of a given region. In data processing a photo-electronic device for digital reproduction of pictures. The picture is scan­ned linewise and decomposed into a matrix-like raster of individual pixels. In contrast to vectorial DIGITI­ZERS, the information to coherent elements of the picture (lines, symbols) is lost by this rasteriza­tion process. To retrieve these elements the rasterized picture has to be vectorized by pattern recognition methods and manual post-processing.

引导辐射能射波连续通过指定区域所有点的装置。在数据处理中，采用光电元件进行图像的数字转换，图形逐线扫描，并分解为单个象元的矩阵式光栅。与矢量数字化器不同，这种光栅式处理，使图形（线、符号）相关要素的信息消失，要恢复这些要素，光栅化图形必须通过模式识别的方法和人工后处理加以矢量化。

In physics, the change in direction of a particle or WAVE, because of a collision with another particle or system. In electromagnetism, diffusion of ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES in a random manner by air masses in the upper ATMOSPHERE. See also: TROPOSPHERIC SCATTERING.

在物理学中，指因粒子或系统间互相碰撞导致的粒子或波形方向的改变。 在电磁学中，指高空气团导致的电磁波的偶然扩散。亦见tropospheric scattering（对流层散射）。

Upward motion of a vessel, either upward motion of the bow and stern associated with pitching, or lifting of the entire vessel by WAVES or SWELL, when it may be called send.

A foliated metamor­phic ROCK which can be split into thin flakes or flat lenticles. Schists are usual­ly named from the dominant mineral, e.g. mica schist.

The face of a CATHODE-RAY TUBE of electronic equipment. The various methods of presenting the information on a radar scope are usually designated by letter, as A-scope, B-scope, etc. Also called INDICA­TOR,scan, SCREEN, although the alphabetical designa­tions are not generally used with SCREEN.

电子设备阴极射线管的屏面。在雷达显示器上表示信息的不同方法，一般以文字注明，如A型（距离）显示器，B型（距离方位）显示器等。亦称指示器、荧光屏，尽管其标志注记一般不用在荧光屏上。