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	Term	术语	Definition	定义
	jetsam	抛弃货物，沉货	See JETTISON.	参见jettison（抛弃货物）。
	jettison	抛弃货物，掷荷，弃货	The throwing overboard of objects, especially to lighten a craft in distress. Jettisoned objects that float are termed flotsam; those that s... more The throwing overboard of objects, especially to lighten a craft in distress. Jettisoned objects that float are termed flotsam; those that sink, jetsam; and heavy articles that are buoyed for future recovery, lagan. See DERELICT.	将货物抛出船外，主要是减轻遇难船只的载荷。抛弃的货物如果漂浮在水面上称之为浮货；下沉的则称之�... more 将货物抛出船外，主要是减轻遇难船只的载荷。抛弃的货物如果漂浮在水面上称之为浮货；下沉的则称之为沉货；系有浮标以备以后回收的重货称为系浮标投海货物。参见derelict(遗弃物，遗弃船)。
	jetty	码头，防波堤	In U.S. terminology, a structure, such as a WHARF or PIER, so located as to influence CURRENT or protect the ENTRANCE to a HARBOUR or RIVER.... more In U.S. terminology, a structure, such as a WHARF or PIER, so located as to influence CURRENT or protect the ENTRANCE to a HARBOUR or RIVER. In British terminology, a PIER, usually of solid construction, intended as a berthing place for vessels. See DOCK, LANDING, WHARF.	在美国专用术语中，用来影响洋流，或保护港口或河流的入口一种建筑物，例如突堤或防波堤。在英国术�... more 在美国专用术语中，用来影响洋流，或保护港口或河流的入口一种建筑物，例如突堤或防波堤。在英国术语中，指码头，通常是坚固的结构，用于船只停泊。参见dock（船坞），landing（登陆处），wharf（码头）。
	joule	焦耳	The unit of work or energy in the SI SYSTEM.	在国际单位制中功或者能量的单位。
	joystick	操纵杆，控制手柄	In computer systems, a pointing device operated by pressing a stick in a desired direction.	在计算机系统中，根据所需方向按动操作杆进行工作的一种定点设备。
	Julian day	儒略日	The number of each day, as reckoned consecutively since the beginning of the present Julian period on January 1, 4713 BC. The Julian day b... more The number of each day, as reckoned consecutively since the beginning of the present Julian period on January 1, 4713 BC. The Julian day begins at noon, 12 hours later than the corresponding civil day.	每天的编号，从儒略周期的起点公元前4713年1月1日开始连续推算，儒略日起始于中午，比相应的民用日晚12... more 每天的编号，从儒略周期的起点公元前4713年1月1日开始连续推算，儒略日起始于中午，比相应的民用日晚12小时。
	junction	河流交叉点；水准联结点；图板拼接，重叠	Place of meeting or joining, as that of a TRIBUTARY with a main RIVER, or of two CHANNELS in a WATERWAY. In LEVELLING, the place where two o... more Place of meeting or joining, as that of a TRIBUTARY with a main RIVER, or of two CHANNELS in a WATERWAY. In LEVELLING, the place where two or more LINES OF LEVELS are connected together. In HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY, the joining of two adjacent survey sheets. See OVERLAP.	主流与支流相交或汇合处，或处于同一水路的两航道的汇合处。在水准测量中，两条以上水准线彼此相连�... more 主流与支流相交或汇合处，或处于同一水路的两航道的汇合处。在水准测量中，两条以上水准线彼此相连处。在海道测量中，两相邻测量原图连接处。参见overlap（重叠）。
	junction buoy	航道汇合浮标	A BUOY marking the inner end of a MIDDLE GROUND. Usually called a MIDDLE GROUND BUOY in British terminology, without regard to direction o... more A BUOY marking the inner end of a MIDDLE GROUND. Usually called a MIDDLE GROUND BUOY in British terminology, without regard to direction of travel.	标志浅水带内端的浮标。在英国术语中通常称为浅水带浮标，不表示航行方向。
	Kalman filter	卡尔曼滤波	In electronics, a mathematical-statistical method for predicting a time-variable signal in the presence of disturbances. The method expl... more In electronics, a mathematical-statistical method for predicting a time-variable signal in the presence of disturbances. The method exploits the fact that certain characteristic parameters of the process vary slowly with time, so that a best estimate of the signal can be obtained as a function of time.	在电子学中，指在出现干扰时用于预测时变信号的数理统计方法。该方法认为，过程的某些特征参数是随�... more 在电子学中，指在出现干扰时用于预测时变信号的数理统计方法。该方法认为，过程的某些特征参数是随时间缓慢变化的，从而可以采用基于时间的函数获得信号的最佳估计。
	katabatic wind	下吹风，下降风，重力风	An offshore wind produced by cold air draining from high ground by convection. The cold air replaces the lighter warm air which is rising ov... more An offshore wind produced by cold air draining from high ground by convection. The cold air replaces the lighter warm air which is rising over the sea.	由高处冷空气对流所产生的离岸风。冷空气取代上升至海面上方的较轻的暖空气。
	kay	小礁，沙洲，珊瑚礁	See CAY.	参见cay（沙洲，珊瑚礁）。
	kedging	抛小锚移船	Moving a vessel by laying out an anchor and then hauling the vessel up to the anchor.	抛锚移动船只从而拖行船舶到达锚位。
	keg buoy	捕鱼用木桶浮标	A BUOY consisting of a keg to which is attached a small pole with a flag, used by fishermen to mark the position of a trawl line. See DAN BU... more A BUOY consisting of a keg to which is attached a small pole with a flag, used by fishermen to mark the position of a trawl line. See DAN BUOY.	在木桶上插一个带旗的杆制成的浮标，渔民用于标志拖网线的位置。参见dan buoy（临时浮标）。
	kelp	巨藻，海带，海草	One of an order of usually large blade-shaped or vinelike brown ALGAE.	通常指大叶状或藤状褐色海藻中的一种（昆布目）。
	Kelvin temperature scale	开尔文温标	Thermodynamic scale of temperature (T°K) defined by assigning to the triple point of pure water, considered as a fundamental fixed point, t... more Thermodynamic scale of temperature (T°K) defined by assigning to the triple point of pure water, considered as a fundamental fixed point, the temperature of 273.16°K. Also called absolute temperature scale.	即热力学温标（T°K），由纯水三相点作为一个基本固定点来定义，其温度为273.16°K，也称绝对温标。
	Kelvin wave	开尔文波	A long ocean wave whose amplitude decreases from right to left along the wave crest when viewed in the direction of travel in the northern... more A long ocean wave whose amplitude decreases from right to left along the wave crest when viewed in the direction of travel in the northern hemisphere and from left to right in the southern hemisphere. The component of gravity acting down the slope is exactly balanced by the deflecting force of the earth's rotation, the CORIOLIS FORCE.	一种海洋长波，其振幅在北半球根据传播方向由右至左沿波峰递减，在南半球则由左至右递减。重力分量�... more 一种海洋长波，其振幅在北半球根据传播方向由右至左沿波峰递减，在南半球则由左至右递减。重力分量沿坡度衰减（？）正好与地球自转偏向力（科里奥利力）平衡。
	key	关键词，珊瑚礁	See CAY.	1、在ECDIS中，建立连接关系的标识符，如在不同的层或不同的特征与属性之间的连接。 2、参见cay（沙洲�... more 1、在ECDIS中，建立连接关系的标识符，如在不同的层或不同的特征与属性之间的连接。 2、参见cay（沙洲，珊瑚礁）。
	kilogram(me)	NULL	The unit of mass in the SI system.	NULL
	kite	浮锚，定深报警器	A mechanical contrivance towed beneath the surface to warn of arrival in water of a certain DEPTH. See SUBMARINE SENTRY. A contrivance for... more A mechanical contrivance towed beneath the surface to warn of arrival in water of a certain DEPTH. See SUBMARINE SENTRY. A contrivance for holding the inner end of an OROPESA SWEEP to the required DEPTH.	一种在海面下拖带的机械装置，在达到水下一定深度报警。参见submarine sentry（水下探礁器）。固定在拖�... more 一种在海面下拖带的机械装置，在达到水下一定深度报警。参见submarine sentry（水下探礁器）。固定在拖索内端，对要求深度扫海用的装置。
	kite otter	浮锚扫海器，定深器，多翼装置	A multi-plane device which can be used either as a KITE or as an OTTER depending on the way it is slung. See OROPESA SWEEP.	一种多面设备，根据吊挂的方式不同可作为定深报警器或扫海器。参见oropesa sweep（扫海拖索）。
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